Sexual Violence and HIV/AIDS

By John Berman, PCI's Senior Director for HIV/AIDS Policy & Program Development

When we think about HIV/AIDS, does rape come to mind? If it doesn’t it should.

Getting infected with HIV is closely linked with sexual violence. It’s inseparable. And in places like South Africa, where up to a third of women first have sex as the result of rape or other forms of coercion, it’s driving the epidemic.

In several ways.

First, every act of forced sex is an additional, unplanned risk of infection.

Second, a recent study from South Africa showed that men who commit violent acts are 50% more likely to be HIV positive than those who are not violent.

Third, you can be sure when a woman is raped, a condom is rarely involved. She’s exposed.
Fourth, pervasive level of sexual violence lead to situations where women do not feel safe, let alone empowered, to say no to a man’s advances.

So if there are all these linkages between sexual violence and HIV infection, why don’t we hear more about it? Why don’t we do more about it? Part of the answer is that sexual violence is often seen more as a social issue, or perhaps a criminal issue, than the health issue. As a result, “health” programs draw an artificial line about what can and cannot be done.

That has to change.

Health programs need to address underlying social factors that drive the HIV epidemic. Sexual violence, and gender inequity should be right up there at the top. We could do this by helping to mobilize communities to change destructive social norms such as pervasive sexual violence. We’ve got to work with people everywhere – men and women - to bring an end to the violence. It’s the only way we’ll ever really stop the epidemic.

A Grandmother Finds WORTH in Zambia

Maweta Tembo sits among her four small grandchildren in the village of Chiwala, part of the Chongwe District outside of Lusaka, Zambia. A 72-year-old widow, Maweta has already raised six children of her own but now must care for her grandchildren, whose parents were killed by AIDS.

Before the PCI-led WORTH program, each day was a struggle for the grandmother. With little money, her grandchildren often went without food and she could not afford the fees required for them to attend school. But now, there is hope for Maweta.
In the Chongwe district, there are currently 5,000 women enrolled in the WORTH program. Combined, these women provide care for 11,550 orphans and vulnerable children. WORTH empowers these women by providing them access to literacy classes and economic training. With help from local organizations, women are encouraged to form self-managed community groups and taught how to manage and save money. The savings are used to create village banks that can provide local women with microenterprise loans.

After attending a WORTH community orientation, Maweta began mobilizing women in her village to form a group. After nine months, Maweta has learned how to read and write and gained basic math and accounting skills.

In January 2007, Maweta sold mangoes and managed to save $60. She used the money to buy school requisites for her grandchildren so they can continue with their education. She also received a loan from the village bank in order to start a business. Maweta is currently buying fast selling food items and re-packaging them into smaller and affordable sizes for her customers. The profit realized from the business goes towards meeting her grandchildren’s basic needs and she no longer feels the worrisome financial burden she once did.
"If WORTH had been launched years back in my area I would have been rich and my own children could have been educated!" Maweta said.

For more information on PCI’s work in Zambia, visit http://www.projectconcern.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Responding_to_the_AIDS_Crisis_in_Zambia.